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hindustaani bhaasha kee utpatti

jis samay hindee urdoo ka jhagada chal raha tha aur ek or vah sanskrt-garbhit ho rahee thee, aur doosaree or faarasee, arabee shabdon se labarej, us samay ek teesaree bhaasha kee utpatti huee, usaka naam hindustaani hai. hindustaani bhaasha ka janmadaata main un logon ko kah sakata hoon, jo ukt donon vichaaron ke virodhee the aur jo likhit bhaasha ko bolachaal kee hindee ke anukool athava nikatavartee rakhana chaahate the. raaja shivaprasaad isee vichaar ke the yah main oopar likh chuka hain. unake atirikt kaasheepatrika ke sanchaalakagan aur kuchh doosare logon ka bhee yahee siddhaant tha! kuchh in logon kee bhaashaon ke namoone dekhiye-

“ham pahale bhaag ke aarambh mein likhe aaye hain ki kya aise bhee manushy hain, jo apane baapadaada aur purukhaon ka haal na sunana chaahen aur unake samay mein logon ka chaalachalan, vyavahaar kya tha, banaj vyaapaar kaisa tha, raajadarabaar mein kis dhab se barata jaata tha, aur desh kee kya dasha thee, in sab baaton ke jaanane kee ichchha na karen.– raaja shivaprasaad ( itihaas timiranaashak 3 bhaag prshth 1)

“phraans mein ek paadaree saaheb gaadeenaat naamee rahate the, jinaka naam vahaan vaalon ne makkheechoos rakkha tha. unake paas kaisa hee mufalis museebat ka maara aadamee kyon na jaay, vah ek kaudee bhee na dete the. apane angoor ke baagon ka umda intijaam karake unhonne bahut see daulat jama kee. reemas shahar ke baashinde jahaan paadaree saahab rahate the unase napharat karate aur hamesha unake saath hikaarat se pesh aate the.– hindee bhaasha mein prakaashit kaasheepatrika ke ek lekh se (prshth 44)

ye donon avataran hindustaanee bhaasha ke hain, kintu phir bhee inamen bhinnata hai. raaja shivaprasaad ke lekh mein sanskrt tatsam shabd aaye hain, kintu kaasheepatrika ke lekh mein kaheen nahin aaye. raaja saahab ke lekh mein phaarasee, arabee shabd aaye hain, parantu kam, aavashyakata ke anusaar. kaasheepatrika ke lekh mein ve adhikata se aaye hain. phir bhee any urdoo lekhakon kee bhaasha se isamen saralata aur saadagee hai. kuchh avataran prachalit hindee aur urdoo ke bhee dekhiye, unase aap anumaan kar sakate hain ki hindustaanee bhaasha mein aur unamen kya antar hai.

“kavi kee drshti ullaas se bharakar prthvee se svarg aur svarg se prthvee tak ghoomatee hai, aur jaise-jaise kalpana alakshy ko lakshy karatee hai, vaise-vaise kavi unhen roop deta hai, aur jinaka astitv tak nahin unhen vah naam roop dekar sansaar mein la deta hai . –kaalidaas aur bhavabhooti, (prshth 121)

“shaaha ne dehalee ke kaarobaar ke lie alaphaaz khaas mustemal the, masalan paanee ko aabahayaat khaane ko khaasah sone ko sukhafaramaana, shaahajaadon ke paanee ko aave khaassah aur isee tarah hajaaron istilaahee alaphaaj the.”

“in baaton par aur khasoosan unake sheron par tahazeeb aankh dikhaatee hai, magar kya keejiye eshiya kee shaayaree kahatee hai ki yah meree saphaee jubaan aur tarraaree ka namak hai, pas muvarrikh agar khusoosiyat zabaan ko na jaahir kare to apane pharj mein qaasir hai ya bekhabar .” – aabahayaat (prshth 136-140)

aapane antar dekh liya, din din antar badhata jaata hai. aajakal donon bhaashaen aur durooh ho gayee hain. jyon jyon ve durooh ho rahee hain, bolachaal kee bhaasha se door padatee ja rahee hain. jo namoone hindee urdoo ke oopar dikhalaaye gaye hain, unako dekh kar aap samajh sake honge ki in donon se hindustaanee bhaasha bolachaal ke kitana sameep hai. is lie aajakal hindustaanee bhaasha mein likhane-padhane kee phir pukaar mach rahee hai. do uddesh se,-ek to yah ki hindee bhaasha ko raashtreey bhaasha banaana hai. logon ka vichaar hai ki jab tak bolachaal kee bhaasha mein hindee na likhee jaavegee us samay tak vah raashtreey bhaasha na ho sakegee. doosare yah ki hindee urdoo ka vibhed jo din din badhata jaata hai, use door karana hai, jisamen vah vaimanasy nasht ho sake jo donon bhaashaon ka likhit roop vibhinn hone ke kaaran pratidin badh raha hai. ek aur baat hai. vah yah ki jo bhaasha bolachaal kee bhaasha se bilakul door ho jaatee hai, vah kaal paakar lop ho jaatee hai aur usaka sthaan vah bhaasha grahan kar letee hai, jo bolachaal kee adhik sameepavartinee hotee hai. kyon aisa hota hai? isaka uttar baaboo dinesh chandr sen bee0 e0 ne apane bangabhaasha aur saahity sangyak granth (pr0 14-15) mein diya hai. aap logon ke avalokan ke lie usaka anuvaad neeche diya jaata hai-

“likhit bhaasha aur kathit bhaasha mein kuchh vyavadhaan hota hai, kintu is vyavadhaan kee seema hai. usaka atikram hone se likhit bhaasha mar jaatee hai, aur usake sthaan par kathit bhaasha kuchh vishuddh hokar likhit bhaasha mein parinat ho jaatee hai. likhit bhaasha uttarottar unnat hokar shikshit sampradaay ke kshudr gandeer mein seemaabaddh hotee hai, aur kramashah vaaky pallavit karane kee ichchha aur shabdon kee shreevrddhi kee cheshta se likhit bhaasha jan saadhaaran kee anadhigamy ho padatee hai. us samay bhaapa-viplav aavashyak ho jaata hai. jab sanskrt ke saath kathit bhaasha ka isee prakaar prabhed hua, tab kathit paalibhaasha kuchh vishuddh ho kar likhit bhaasha bane gayee. jab phir praakrt ke saath kathit bhaasha ka prabhed adhik ho gaya to varttamaan gaudee bhaasha kuchh parishkrt ho kar likhit bhaasha mein parinat huee. vyaakaran shishu aur agy logon kee vaanee ka shaasan karata hai, kintu isee lie vah chirapravaahasheel bhaasha kee gati ko sthir nahin kar sakata. vyaakaran yug yug mein bhaasha ka padak svaroop banakar pada rah jaata hai. bhaasha jis path se chal padatee hai, vyaakaran usaka saaksheemaatr hai. vilupt maahesh vyaakaran ke uparaant paanini, unake pashchaat vararuchi, purandar, yaask, aur in logon ke baad roopasiddhi, lankeshvar, shaakaly, bharat, kohal, bhaasah, vasantaraaj, maarkandey, maudgalaayan, shilaavansh ityaadi ne vyaakaran kee rachana kee hai. poorvavartee kaal mein jo bhaasha ka dosh kahakar keertit hua, paravartee kaal mein vyaakaran ne usee ko bhaasha ka niyam kahakar sveekrt kiya. isee lie paanini ka niyam agraahy karake bhee mahaavansh aur lalit-vistar shuddh pariganit hue, aur vararuchi ka niyam asveekaar karake bhee chandavaradaee kee rachana nindaneey nahin huee. samay ke vishay mein jis prakaar praatah, sandhya, raatri-bhaashaa ke sambandh mein usee prakaar sanskrt, praakrt, bangala va hindee-poorvavartee avastha ke roopaantar maatr hain.”

hindee bhaasha ke lie abhee yah samay upasthit nahin hai, parantu din din vah bolachaal se door padakar us samay ke nikat pahunch rahee hai, yah kuchh logon ka vichaar hai. atev is drshti se bhee kuchh log usako saral banaakar usaka uddhaar karana chaahate hain. aur aise hee vichaaravaalon kee srshti hindustaanee bhaasha hai.

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