is avasar par yah prashn kiya ja sakata hai ki hindi bhaasha ke uttarottar durooh aur adhik sanskrtagarbhit hone ka kaaran kya hai? kya vah svayan pravrtt hokar aisee banaayee ja rahee hai, ya svabhaavataya aisa ban rahee hai, athava urdoo kee spardha ke kaaran kimva usase hindi kee bhinnata pratipaadan ke lie yah pranaalee grheet huee hai? mera vichaar hai ki hindi svabhaavataya kuchh aavashayakatao aur kuchh saamayik praanteey bhaashaon ke sahayog se vartamaan roop mein parinat ho rahee hai.
is samay jo sarvatr prachalit hindi bhaasha hai aur jo poorn vyaapak hai vah pashchimottar praant, madhyahind, bihaar, panjaab, sindh aur raajasthaan ke hindee shikshiton mein samaan roop se samajhee aur likhee-padhee jaatee hai. jitane hindee ke dainik, maasik, saaptaahik, arddhasaaptaahik, paakshik athava traimaasik patr aaj kal kisee praant se nikalate hain un sabon kee bhaasha yahee prachalit hindee hai. adhikaansh granth isee bhaasha mein nikal rahe hain. anek paaribhaashik shabd, hinduon ka dhaarmik bhaav, unaka sanskrt-prem, bhaav prakat karane kee suvidha, usaka abhyaas aur prachaar, saamayik ruchi, aur naana vichaar-pravaah is kshetr mein kaary kar rahe hain, aur uchch hindee bhaasha athava sanskrtagarbhit hindee ko prashray de rahe hain.
hindee hee ke lie nahin, sabhee praantik bhaashaon ke lie yah baat kahee ja sakatee hai. sabhee praant aajakal sanskrt shabdon ke vyavahaar mein agrasar hain, aur isaka bahut bada prabhaav ek doosare par pad raha hai. kuchh udaaharan dekhiye-
bangala– “itihaase varnit samayer madhye bhaarat shaasaner nyaay suvrhat o sumahaan kaary any kon raajyashaktir haste samarpit huyanai.”
maraathee– “gyaat kaalaanteel konatyaahee sansthaanachya kinva saamraajyaachya itihaasaant ghadoon na aalelee apoorv kaamagiree aamachya haatoon nirvighn pane tadees jaanyaas.”
gujaraatee– “koee pan vakhatana raajyakarta tatha prajaane saumpava maan aavel mahaabhaarat kaam poora karavaane je dahaapan ane paraspar nee laaganee nee jaroor chhe te param krpaalu paramaatma nee krpa thee majaboot bane evee chhevate maaree praarthana chh.”
nepaalee- “tyo sarv-rakshak bhagavaan lai samajher pisko premabhaav lai raksha garoon, kaaran yo ho ki inai baat yauta yasto sundar kaam phatte garnu pare kochh, jasto buddh samay ko kunai raajy ya saamraajy ka raajaar prajaale ajh samm gariyaaka chhan.”
telangee– “e kaalamunandunu jaragani ma gopp, gambheer mainatuvanti vo punu raajy meluvaaru kunnuvaari prajalakunnu bund, yok gopy gambheer main panini prasiddhamuga cheyutaku kaavalasinavalayunu teliviyunnu debun ma kintu gaako.”
malayaalam– “manushyan svabhaaven aikamaty te avashy ppe tunnu jeevat, adviteey paramaatma vinte anshama kunnu kaaranan paramaatma vinaan vrthaavit”
udiya–
“baru mahaarany durgam banere kuti banai rahi.
lavan viheene kutsit annakuvaru bhojan kari.
varoo bhal pat pindhiva kunaahi pai sahe duhkhatar.
kintu ke do prabho karautu naanhi paraseva kashtakar.”
sindhon– “par je kadee ghati jee vikten un praant laika haani na aahe balki laabhui aahe . chhot un khepahin je saadhaaranu lipiaje vadile hik sarvaang sundar e sarvapriy lipi praapt thee pondee.”
panjaabee–
“raaneen aaike paas khasam de baithodiya man dhar anuraag.
mitar to sir utha chandravich vekh rehyaan hain nadee tadaag.
sains nai man vich vichaar ke lad raihyaan hain khoob akalen.
teemee paas manje te baithee vekh rahee hain ghoor shakalen.”
kanaadee– “aader ee tarah heen sthiti yantu sudhaari subudu namm mukhyavaad kartavy baagide . tamm manassi tallijani sid vichaar galannu vere vyaktitr mele prakati subudu bhaashey mukhyoddesh vaagide.”
taamil– ”darshanam samayam matam endoo imyoondoo, shohalum oroolai punartumavai . darshanamenvadakumpyo dubaahak kaakshiyen badupyeru laagrinum polave periyorameyari vinaal arindavishayamen badupatti.” –devanaagar
lagabhag bhaaratavarsh mein bolee jaanevaalee samast pradhaan bhaashaon ka namoona mainne aapake saamane upasthit kar diya, aap dekhenge ki sabhee bhaashaon mein sanskrt shabdon ka prayog adhikata se ho raha hai. jo taamil, kanaadee aur malayaalam svatantr bhaashaen hain, arthaat aary bhaasha se prasoot nahin hain, unamen bhee sanskrt shabdon kee prachurata hai. kaaran vahee hai jisako mainne oopar batalaaya hai. un bhaashaon ko koee sparddha urdoo se nahin hai, phir ve kyon sanskrtagarbhit hain? doosara koee kaaran nahin, ukt kaaran hee kaaran hai. jab aary sabhyata ka chitran hoga, dhaarmik siddhaanton ka niroopan kiya jaavega, unake kaaryakalaap ka uddharan hoga, us samay avashy bhaasha sanskrt garbhit hogee, kyonki sanskrt bhaasha hee vah udgamasthaan hai, jahaan se ki in vichaaron aur bhaavon ka srot pravaahit hota hai.
isake atirikt aaj bhee hinduon mein sanskrt bhaasha ka prem hai. pratyek pathit hinduon mein se adhikaansh kuchh na kuchh sanskrt ka gyaan rakhate hain, atev avasar aane par sanskrt ke pravachanon, vaakyon aur aadarsh granthon ke shlokon dvaara vah apanee rachanaon ko avashy susajjit aur alankrt karate hain. anek avasthaon mein ve sanskrt ke pramaanabhoot vaakyon aur shlokon ke uddhrt karane ke lie bhee baadhy hote hain, kyonki maany granthon ke uddhrt vaaky hee unake lekhon ko praamaanik banaate hain. atev in dashaon mein bhee bhaasha bina sanskrtagarbhit hue nahin rahatee.
gady likhane mein shailee kee raksha, bhaasha-saundary, vaakyavinyaas-patuta aur usakee rochakata bhee kam vaanchhaneey nahin hotee aur ye sab hetu itane sabal hain ki praantik samast bhaashaen sanskrtagarbhit hain, aur isee sootr se hindee bhee sanskrtagarbhit hai. ye hee kaaran hain ki urdoo bhaasha bhee faarasee aur arabee se bharee hai, aur bharee rahegee, kyonki vah musalmaanon kee mukhy bhaasha hai aur musalmaanon ka dhaarmik aur saamaajik sambandh ukt donon bhaashaon se vaisa hee hai jaisa ki hinduon ka sanskrt se. aap hindee bhaasha ke kisee avataran ko uthaakar praantik bhaashaon ke oopar ke avataranon se milaiye to unamen bahut kuchh saamy milega, kintu urdoo ke kisee avataran se milaiyega to shabdavinyaas ke vishay mein donon mein bada antar milega. kaaran isake spasht hain.
jab praantik bhaashaon aur sanskrtagarbhit hindee ke saamy par vichaar kiya jaata hai to yahee soochit hota hai ki aisee hee hindee ka prachaar yadi ho sakata hai to samast praanton mein ho sakata hai, kyonki hindee ke tadbhav shabdon kee apeksha usake tatsam shabd vahaan aasaanee se samajhe ja sakate hain. anek sajjan is vichaar ke hain bhee. mainne ‘priyapravaas’ ko jo aisee hindee mein likha usaka kaaran yahee vichaar hai. isaka pramaan bhee mujhako mila. jitana prachaar ‘priyapravaas’ ka any praanton mein hua, mere kisee granth ka nahin hua. isee kaaran ‘priyapravaas’ kee shailee ka samarthan bhee hua. kuchh pramaan leejiye. maadarnarivyoo-sampaadak ek bang vidvaan hain. ve priyapravaas kee alochana karate hue likhate hain.
“ham aapakee shailee ka anumodan karate hain, saral na hone par bhee usake vishay ke lie yahee shailee yogy hai.”
hindee bhaasha ke prasiddh kavi pandit lochanaprasaad paandey apane 6-5-15 ke patr mein likhate hain-
“abhee 26, 27 dinon tak baahar pravaas mein tha, 10-12 dinon tak vaamanda (udeesa) ke vidya-rasik mahaaraaj ka atithi tha. vahaan raaja saahab evan unake yahaan ke prasiddh-prasiddh saahityaseveegan, puree se aaye hue kaee ek sanskrt ke dhurandhar pandit–sabon ne priyapravaas kee kavita sunakar aapakee lekhanee kee mukt kanth se prashansa kee. vishesh-vishesh sthaan par to ve bahut hee mugdh hue. kuchh ansh jo sanskrt kavitaamay kahe ja sakate hain, unhen khoob ruche.”
in baaton par drshti daalane se yah nahin sveekaar kiya ja sakata ki hindee bhaasha ke raashtreey banaane ke lie usaka saral svaroop hona hee chaahie. tathaapi adhikaansh log isee vichaar ke hain. hon, kintu unaka vichaar kaary roop mein parinat nahin hua. hindee ka vyaapak roop sanskrtagarbhit bhaasha hee hai. mera vichaar hai ki ullikhit kaaranon aur praantik bhaashaon ke saahachary se yah roop rahega, aur sthaayee hoga.